20. Uḥud (3 Shawwāl 3 Hijrī)
- After Badr hypocrites arose under ʿAbdullāh bin Ubayy ibn Salūl.
- Kaʿb bin Ashraf the Jew incited the Quraysh to avenge Badr.
- The Quraysh army arrived 3000 strong, accompanied by women such as Hind, wife of Abū Sufyān (may Allāh be pleased with them). She later much regretted her ignorance at Uḥud and distinguished herself in the cause of Islām in such battles like Yarmūk.
- Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ and Ibn Ubayy thought to defend Madīnah. Muslims who missed Badr wished to engage the enemy. They prevailed.
- 1000 set out against 3000 Quraysh.
- Ibn Ubayy removed his 300 followers, causing anxiety amongst the remaining 700.
- Two clans of the Anṣār thought to abandon the battle – a major sin – but remained. Allāh so loves the Anṣār that He proclaimed himself their friend in Sūrah Āl ʿImrān “wallāhu walīyumā” upon this incident of disobedience, not when they were obedient.
- Jubayr bin Muṭʿīm and Hind arranged for Waḥshī, an expert javelin thrower and slave to kill Ḥamzah (may Allāḥ be pleased with him), which he did.
- Flag-bearer, Muṣʿāb bin ʿUmayr martyred.
- 50 Muslim archers stationed on hill left their position when it seemed the Muslims were winning. This allowed the Quraysh cavalry to attack from the other direction and the Muslims were routed especially when rumour spread that Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ had been martyred.
- Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ thrown with a stone, and front teeth smashed.
- Ṭalḥah binʿUbaydillāh shielded him with his own body against the arrows until his hand was paralysed.
- Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ was too weak to climb to a rock to sit and offer Zhuhr. Ṭalḥah carried him.
- Amongst who died defending Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ was Abū Dahdah al-Anṣārī who had donated 500 trees in exchange for a tree in Paradise.
- The Quraysh gave up trying to reach Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . Abū Sufyān called out that Uḥud was in exchange for Badr. Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ told ʿUmar to reply, “Our dead are in Paradise. Your dead are in Hell.” Abū Sufyān called out, “We have ʿUzzā and you have none.” Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ told ʿUmar to reply, “Allāh is our Protector and you have none.”
https://youtu.be/qm8jcvyOyH0
https://youtu.be/4OvpI9DhHP0
21. Khandaq (Shawwāl 5 Hijrī)
- Jews of Banū Naḍīr orchestrated an alliance against the Muslims. They would supply a year’s harvest from Khaybar, the Quraysh 4000 men and the Ghaṭfān 6000 men. The Jews of Qurayzhah inside Madīnah would betray the Muslims.
- Salmān the Persian رضي الله عنه proposed the Persian tactic of digging a trench at the vulnerable northern front.
- Muslims worked through extremely harsh winter and hunger. Abū Ṭalḥah رضي الله عنه showed Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ a slab of stone tied to his stomach to placate his hunger. Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ showed him two.
- Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ called out, “O Allāh! There is truly no life but that of the Hereafter. Forgive the Anṣār and the Muhājirūn.” They replied, “We are those who have pledged to Muḥammad, to wage Jihād forever as long as we last.”
- A large rock could not be destroyed. Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ himself smashed it in three blows. In each blow he prophesied conquest over Syria, Persia and Yemen in turn – at a time when the Muslims seemed to face utter destruction.
- Miracle of the increasing barley and mutton at the house of Jābir bin ʿAbdillāh رضي الله عنه .
- Severe siege for a month. Nuʿaym bin Masʿūd رضي الله عنه secretly embraced Islām and managed to turn the Arabs and Jews against each other. The lack of morale combined with a fierce hurricane made the Arabs withdraw.
- “None of you shall pray ʿAṣr except at Qurayzhah” – differences of opinion of the command existed even in the lifetime of Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ .
https://youtu.be/S-kbhSVjH5c
22. Hudaybiyah (Ẓul Qaʿdah 6 Hijrī)
- Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ saw from Allāh that he was performing ʿUmrah. Ṣaḥābah prepared to join him as pilgrims, not armed as an army. They dressed as such and brought animals for sacrifice to make their peaceful intentions clear.
- The Quraysh intended to stop the 1400 Muslims. They encamped at Ḥudaybīyah, on the border of the Ḥaram, where the Quraysh could not attack.
- ʿUthmān رضي الله عنه sent as ambassador. The Quraysh respected him offered to let him perform Ṭawā He refused if Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ could not, so they detained him in anger.
- Muslims heard that ʿUthmānرضي الله عنه had been killed. Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ called on the Muslims to pledge to fight to the death under a tree. Even in that serious moment Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ made time to be light hearted with Salmāh bin Akwā رضي الله عنه .
- Eventually negotiations ensued and a treaty signed. The Ṣahābah were greatly offended by the deletion of Basmallāh and “Muḥammad Rasūlullāh” and the apparently harsh terms, but Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ was practical and Allāh intended something great.
- With peace achieved, the Muslims could interact with other tribes and spread the message. More people embraced Islām in the next two years than in the previous 19 years.
https://youtu.be/UaJtxvIfGNw
23. Khaybar & Muʿtah
- Khaybar, 112 km NE of Madīnah. The Jews there were once again plotting with Ghaṭfān against the Muslims.
- Shortly after returning to Madīnah, Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ marched against Khaybar. Only the participants of Ḥudaybiyah were allowed to join.
- Forts fell except for that of Marhab. Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , “Tomorrow I shall give the flag to a man who loves Allāh and His Rasūl and he will conquer the fort. ”
- ʿAlī’s رضي الله عنه eyes was afflicted. Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ applied his saliva to his eyes and it was cured. He gave him the flag and he was victorious over Marhab.
- A Slave embraced Islām and was martyred in the battle. Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ said, “I saw two Ḥūr standing by his side, although he never made a Sajdah to Allā”
- Khaybar was conquered and the Jews allowed to remain and farm on condition that half their crops would go to the Muslims. ʿAbdullāh bin Rawāḥāh رضي الله عنه used to divide the crops and let the Jews choose which half they wanted.
- 3000 Muslims marched to Muʾta when the Roman governor killed the ambassador of Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , Ḥārith binʿUmayr al-ʾAzdī رضي الله عنه .
- The first commander, Zayd bin Ḥārithah رضي الله عنه was killed, followed by Jaʾfar bin Abī Ṭālib رضي الله عنه . He was 33 and had just returned from a decade in Abyssinia. Then ʿAbdullāh bin Rawāḥāh رضي الله عنه .
- Khālid bin Wālid assumed command and returned the troops home.
- The Muslims derided them as runaways, but Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ said they were those who retreat to return to battle.
https://youtu.be/RDHq31Dldqs
24. Conquest of Makkah (19/20? Ramaḍān 8 Hijrī)
- As allowed by the Treaty of Ḥudaybiyah, Banū Bakr aligned itself with the Quraysh whilst Khuẓāʿah allied with the Muslims, feeling closer to the descendant of ʿAbd Manāf whose mother was from Khazāʿah.
- Bakr attacked Khuzāʿah with Quraysh assistance, who even encouraged them to massacre Khuzāʿah when they sort refuge in the borders of the Ḥaram.
- Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ sent ultimatum to Quraysh – pay blood money; or break alliance with the offending section of Bakr; or face the consequences. The Quraysh decided on war.
- Ḥātib bin Abī Baltaʾah رضي الله عنه wrote to inform the Quraysh of the plan of attack. His messenger was caught and he was forgiven. He is one of the 313 of Badr.
- 10,000 Ṣaḥābah set out for Makkah. Even the Bible mentions this event.
- Abū Sufyān رضي الله عنه met Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ who was encamped outside Makkah. He embraced Islām and received guarantee of safety.
- Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ entered Makkah on his camel. He carried the recently deceased Zaynab’s son with him. His best daughter who suffered much on his behalf. He was reciting Sūrah Fatḥ.
- Saʿd bin ʿUbādah shouted, “Today is a day of massacre. The Kaʿbah offers no sanctuary…” Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , “Today is a day of mercy, the Kaʿbah will be covered…” origin of Kaʿbah covering
- After Ṭawāf, Allāh’s Messenger صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ personally began smashing the idols with his bow.
- Standing on the steps, “There is no god but Allāh alone Who has no partner! He was true to His promise and helped His slave. It is He alone who defeated the allies… O gathering of Quraysh, what do you say I shall do to you?” “Good! For you are noble brother, son of a noble brother.” “Then I say to you what Yūsuf said to his brothers, ‘There is no blame upon you today.’ Go, you are free.”
- Makkah embraced Islām, including Hind bint ʿUtbah.
https://youtu.be/EFN5Q_AfZWc
و صلى الله على راكب البراق كامل الأخلاق
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